GI Labs

Publications

GI Determination

Lui JL, Lan-Pidhainy X, Brummer Y, Tosh SM, Wood PJ, Wolever TMS. Effect of blood sampling schedule on the ability to discriminate between postprandial glycemic responses. Nutrition 2009;25:1064-66.

Wolever TMS, Brand-Miller JC, Abernethy J, Astrup A, Atkinson F, Axelsen M, Bjorck I, Brighenti F, Brown R, Bryne R, Brynes A, Casiraghi MC, Cazaubiel M, Dahlqvist L, Delport E, Denyer GS, Erba D, Frost G, Granfeldt Y, Hampton S, Hart VA, Hatonen KA, Henry CJ, Hertzler S, Hull S, Jerling J, Johnston KL, Lightowler H, Mann N, Morgan L, Panlasigui LN, Pelkman C, Perry T, Pfeiffer AF, Pieters M, Ramdath DD, Ramsingh RT, Robert SD, Robinson C, Sarkkinen E, Scazzina F, Sison DC, Sloth B, Staniforth J, Tapola N, Valsta LM, Verkooijen I, Weickert MO, Weseler AR, Wilkie P, Zhang J. Measuring the glycemic index of foods: interlaboratory study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;87(1):247S-257S.

Wolever TMS, IP B, Moghaddam E. Measuring glycaemic responses: duplicate fasting measures of one fasting sample? Br J Nutr. 2006 Nov; 96(5): 799-802.

Wolever TM, AL Gibbs, M Spolar, EV Hitchner and C Heimowitz. Equivalent glycemic load (EGL): a method for quantifying the glycemic responses elicited by low carbohydrate foods. Nutrition & Metabolism 2006, 3:33

Wolever TM. Effect of blood sampling schedule and method of calculating the area under the curve on validity and precision of glycaemic index values. Br J Nutr. 2004 Feb;91(2):295-301.

Wolever TMS, Vorster HH, Björk I, Brand-Miller J, Brighenti F, Mann JI, Ramdath DD, Granfeldt Y, Holt S, Perry TL, Venter C, Wu, X. Determination of the glycaemic index of foods: interlaboratory study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:475-82.

Campbell JE, Glowczewski T, Wolever TMS. Controlling subjects' prior diet and activities does not reduce within-subject variation of postprandial glycemic responses to foods. Nutr Res 2003;23:621-29.

Wolever TMS, Nuttall FQ, Lee R, et al. Prediction of the relative blood glucose response of mixed meals using the white bread glycemic index. Diabetes Care 1985;8: 418-28.

Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Jenkins AL, Josse RG. The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Nov;54(5):846-54. Review.

Wolever TMS, Nuttall FQ, Lee R, et al. Prediction of the relative blood glucose response of mixed meals using the white bread glycemic index. Diabetes Care 1985;8: 418-28.

Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Taylor RH, Barker HM, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, Bowling AC, Newman HC, Jenkins AL, Goff DV. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34:362-366.

Satiety

Vuksan V, Panahi, S, Lyon M, Rogovik A, Jenkins AL, Leiter LA. Viscosity of Fiber Preloads Affects Food Intake in Adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2008 in Press.

Freeland KR, Anderson GH, Wolever TMS. Acute effects of dietary fibre and glycaemic carbohydrate on appetite and food intake in healthy males. Appetite. 2008 Aug 7. [Epub ahead of print].

Eny KM, Wolever TMS, Fontaine-Bisson B, El-Sohemy A. Genetic variant in the glucose transporter type 2 is associated with higher intakes of sugars in two distinct populations. Physiol Genomics. 2008 May 13; 33(3): 355-60. Epub 2008 Mar 18.

Samra RA, Wolever TMS, Anderson GH. Enhanced foor intake regulatory responses after a glucose drink in hyperinsulinemic men. Intl. J Obes. 2007 Aug;31(8):1222-31. Epub 2007 Feb 27.

Cardello AV, Schutz HG, Lesher LL, Merrill E. Development and testing of a labeled magnitude scale of perceived satiety. Appetite. 2005 Feb;44(1):1-13. Epub 2004 Nov 13.

Livingstone MB, Robson PJ, Welch RW, Burns AA, Burrows MS, McCormack C. Methodological issues in the assessment of satiety. Scand J Nutr 2000; 44:98-103.

Holt SHA, Brand Miller JC, Petocz P, Farmakalidis E. A satiety index of common foods. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995; 49: 675-690.

Hill AJ, Rogers PJ, Blundell JE. Techniques for the experimental measurement of human eating behaviour and food intake: a practical guide. Int J Obes 1995;19:361-75.

Glucose and Insulin Responses

Regand A, Tosh SM, Wolever TMS, Wood PJ. Physicochemical properties of beta-glucan in differently processed oat foods influence glycemic response. J Agric Food Chem 2009;57:8831-8.

Wolever TMS, Jenkins AL, Vuksan V, Campbell J. The glycaemic index values of foods containing fructose are affected by metabolic differences between subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63:1106-14.

Jenkins A.L, Jenkins D, Wolever T, Rogovik AL, Jovanovski E, Bozikov V, Rahelic D, Vuksan V; Comparable Postprandial Glucose Reductions to Viscous Fiber Blend Enriched Biscuits in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects. Croatian Medical Journal, 2008 (in-press).

de Koning L, Merchant AT, Hegele RA, Xie C, Vuksan V, Teo K, Yusuf S, Anand SS; Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic Groups investigators; Association of the FABP2 T54 variant with plasma triglycerides and insulin resistance in a multiethnic population. Clin Chem. 2008 Oct;54(10):1742-4.

Grysman A, Carlson T, Wolever TMS. Effects of sucromalt on postprandial responses in human subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Aug 22 [Epub ahead of print]

Dascalu A, Sievenpiper JL, Jenkins AL, Stavro MP, Leiter L, Arnason JT, Vuksan V. Five batches representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng root (Panax quinquefolius L.) produce comparable reductions of postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 85(9):856-64, 2007.

Panahi S, Ezatagha A, Temelli F, Vasanthan T, Vuksan V., β-glucan from two sources of oat concentrates affect postprandial glycemia in relation to the level of viscosity. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Dec; 26(6):639-44.

Sievenpiper JL, Ezatagha A, Dascalu A, Vuksan V. When a placebo is not a 'placebo': a placebo effect on postprandial glycaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Oct; 64 (4):546-9.

Moghaddam E, Vogt JA, Wolever TMS. The effects of fat and protein on glycemic responses in nondiabetic humans vary with waist circumference, fasting plasma insulin, and dietary fiber intake. J. Nutr. 2006 Oct; 136 (10): 2506-11.

Parcell AC, Drummond MJ, Christopherson ED, Hoyt GL, Cherry JA. Glycemic and insulinemic responses to protein supplements. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Dec;104(12):1800-4.

Wolever TM, Campbell JE, Geleva D, Anderson GH. High-fiber cereal reduces postprandial insulin responses in hyperinsulinemic but not normoinsulinemic subjects. Diabetes Care. 2004 June;27(6):1281-5.

Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJA, Zdravkovic U, Wursch P, Vuksan V. Depression of the glycemic index by high levels of beta glucan fiber in two functional foods tested in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002 56(7): 622-628.

Liljeberg EH, Bjorck I. Milk as a supplement to mixed meals may elevate postprandial insulinaemia. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001 Nov;55(11):994-9.

Indar-Brown K, Noreberg C, Madar Z. Glycemic and insulinemic responses after ingestion of ethnic foods by NIDDM and healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jan;55(1):89-95.

Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Vuksan V, Brighenti F, Cunnane SC, Rao AV, Jenkins AL, Buckley G, Patten R, Singer W, Corey P, Josse RG. Nibbling versus gorging: metabolic advantages of increased meal frequency. N Eng J Med 1989;321:929-934.

Body Weight

Wolever TMS. The glycemic index in the management of obesity. Endocrinology Rounds 2008;8(2): 1-6.

Razak F, Anand SS, Shannon H, Vuksan V, Davis B, Jacobs R, Teo KK, McQueen M, Yusuf S. Defining obesity cut points in a multiethnic population. Circulation. 2007 Apr 24;115(16):2111-8.

Young PC, West SA, Ortiz K, Carlson J. A pilot study to determine the feasibility of the low glycemic index diet as a treatment for overweight children in primary care practice. Ambul Pediatr. 2004 Jan-Feb;4(1):28-33.

Ball SD, Keller KR, Moyer-Mileur LJ, Ding YW, Donaldson D, Jackson WD. Prolongation of satiety after low versus moderately high glycemic index meals in obese adolescents. Pediatrics. 2003 Mar;111(3):488-94.

Roberts SB. Glycemic index and satiety. Nutr Clin Care. 2003 Jan-Apr;6(1):20-6. Review.

Ludwig DS. Novel treatments for Obesity.Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003;12 Suppl:S8.

Ludwig DS. Dietary glycemic index and the regulation of body weight. Lipids. 2003 Feb;38(2):117-21. Review.

Warren JM, Henry CJ, Simonite V. Low glycemic index breakfasts and reduced food intake in preadolescent children. Pediatrics. 2003 Nov;112(5):e414.

Pawlak DB, Ebbeling CB, Ludwig DS. Should obese patients be counselled to follow a low-glycaemic index diet? Yes. Obes Rev. 2002 Nov;3(4):235-43. Review.

Brand-Miller JC, Holt SH, Pawlak DB, McMillan J. Glycemic index and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):281S-5S. Review.

Spieth LE, Harnish JD, Lenders CM, Raezer LB, Pereira MA, Hangen SJ, Ludwig DS. A low-glycemic index diet in the treatment of pediatric obesity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000 Sep;154(9):947-51.

Agus MS, Swain JF, Larson CL, Eckert EA, Ludwig DS. Dietary composition and physiologic adaptations to energy restriction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Apr;71(4):901-7.

Ludwig DS. Dietary glycemic index and obesity. J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):280S-283S. Review.

Ludwig DS, Majzoub JA, Al-Zahrani A, Dallal GE, Blanco I, Roberts SB. High glycemic index foods, overeating, and obesity. Pediatrics. 1999 Mar;103(3):E26.

Appetite Control

Wolever TMS, Leung J, Vuksan V, Jenkins AL. Day-to-day variation in glycemic response elicited by white bread is not related to variation in satiety in humans. Appetite 2009;52:654-8.

Vuksan V, Panahi S, Lyon M, Rogovik A.L., Jenkins A.L., Leiter L. A., Viscosity of fiber preloads affects food intake an adolescents. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases. 2009;19,498-503.

Freeland KR, Anderson GH, Wolever TMS. Acute effects of dietary fibre and glycaemic carbohydrate on appetite and food intake in healthy males. Appetite 2009;52:58-64.

Roberts SB. Glycemic index and satiety. Nutr Clin Care. 2003 Jan-Apr;6(1):20-6. Review.

Ludwig DS. Novel treatments for Obesity. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003;12 Suppl:S8.

Ludwig DS. Dietary glycemic index and the regulation of body weight. Lipids. 2003 Feb;38(2):117-21. Review.

Warren JM, Henry CJ, Simonite V. Low glycemic index breakfasts and reduced food intake in preadolescent children. Pediatrics. 2003 Nov;112(5):e414.

Pawlak DB, Ebbeling CB, Ludwig DS. Should obese patients be counselled to follow a low-glycaemic index diet? Yes. Obes Rev. 2002 Nov;3(4):235-43. Review.

Brand-Miller JC, Holt SH, Pawlak DB, McMillan J. Glycemic index and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):281S-5S. Review.

Spieth LE, Harnish JD, Lenders CM, Raezer LB, Pereira MA, Hangen SJ, Ludwig DS. A low-glycemic index diet in the treatment of pediatric obesity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000 Sep;154(9):947-51.

Agus MS, Swain JF, Larson CL, Eckert EA, Ludwig DS. Dietary composition and physiologic adaptations to energy restriction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Apr;71(4):901-7.

Ludwig DS. Dietary glycemic index and obesity. J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):280S-283S. Review.

Ludwig DS, Majzoub JA, Al-Zahrani A, Dallal GE, Blanco I, Roberts SB. High glycemic index foods, overeating, and obesity. Pediatrics. 1999 Mar;103(3):E26.

Diabetes

Ley SH, Harris SB, Mamakeesick M, Noon T, Fiddler E, Gittelsohn J, Wolever TMS, Connelly PW, Hegele RA, Zinman B, Hanley AJG. Metabolic syndrome and its components identify Aboriginal Canadians at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. CMAJ 2009;180:617-24.

Wolever TMS, Gibbs AL, Mehling C, Chiasson JL, Connelly PW, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Maheux P, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Rodger NW, Ryan EA. The Canadian Trial of Carbohydrates in Diabetes (CCD), a 1-y controlled trial of low-glycemic-index dietary carbohydrate in type 2 diabetes: no effect on glycated hemoglobin but reduction in C-reactive protein. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan; 87(1): 114-25.

Wolever TMS, Mehling C, Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Maheux P, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Rodger NW, Ryan EA. Low glycaemic index diet and disposition index in type 2 diabetes (the Canadian trial of carbohydrates in diabetes): a randomized controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2008 Sep; 51(9): 1607-15. Epub 2008 Jul 22.

Vuksan V, Whitham D, Sievenpiper JL, Jenkins AL, Rogovik AL, Bazinet RP, Vidgen E, Hanna A. Supplementation of Conventional Therapy with the Novel Grain Salba (Salvia hispanica L.) Improves Major and Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(11):2804-10. Epub 2007 Aug 8.

Vuksan V, Sung MK, Sievenpiper JL, Stavro PM, Jenkins AL, Di Buono M, Lee KS, Leiter LA, Nam KY, Arnason JT, Choi M, Naeem A. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008 January 18(1):46-56.

Willett W, Manson J, Liu S. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):274S-80S. Review.

Rizkalla SW, Bellisle F, Slama G. Health benefits of low glycaemic index foods, such as pulses, in diabetic patients and healthy individuals. Br J Nutr. 2002 Dec;88 Suppl 3:S255-62. Review.

Gilbertson HR, Brand-Miller JC, Thorburn AW, Evans S, Chondros P, Werther GA. The effect of flexible low glycemic index dietary advice versus measured carbohydrate exchange diets on glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes Care. 2001 Jul;24(7):1137-43.

Buyken AE, Toeller M, Heitkamp G, Karamanos B, Rottiers R, Muggeo M, Fuller JH; EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study Group. Glycemic index in the diet of European outpatients with type 1 diabetes: relations to glycated hemoglobin and serum lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):574-81.

Giacco R, Parillo M, Rivellese AA, Lasorella G, Giacco A, D'Episcopo L, Riccardi G. Long-term dietary treatment with increased amounts of fiber-rich low-glycemic index natural foods improves blood glucose control and reduces the number of hypoglycemic events in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2000 Oct;23(10):1461-6.

Tsihlias EB, Gibbs AL, McBurney MI, Wolever TM. Comparison of high- and low-glycemic-index breakfast cereals with monounsaturated fat in the long-term dietary management of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2):439-49.

Salmeron J, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Jenkins DJ, Stampfer MJ, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of NIDDM in men.Diabetes Care. 1997 Apr;20(4):545-50.

Salmeron J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA. 1997 Feb 12;277(6):472-7.

Wolever TMS, Jenkins DJA, Vuksan V, Jenkins AL, Wong GS, Josse RG. Beneficial effect of low-glycemic index diet in overweight NIDDM subjects. Diabetes Care 1992;15:562-564.

Wolever TMS, Jenkins DJA, Vuksan V, Jenkins AL, Buckley GC, Wong GS, Josse RG. Beneficial effect of low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetes. Diab Med 1992;9:451-8.

Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Buckley G, Lam KY, Giudici S, Kalmusky J, Jenkins AL, Patten RL, Bird J, Wong GS, Josse RG. Low glycemic-index starchy foods in the diabetic diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:248-54.

Long Term Studies

Wolever TM, Mehling C. Long-term effect of varying the source or amount of dietary carbohydrate on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, and free fatty acid concentrations in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Mar;77(3):612-21.

Cardiovascular Disease

Tully V, Wolever TMS, Darling P, Errett L, Keith ME. Pre-operative modification of dietary glycemic index improves pre but not post-operative indices of insulin resistance in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008 Feb; 27(1): 168-76.

Merchant AT, Kelemen LE, de Koning L, Lonn E, Vuksan V, Jacobs R, Davis B, Teo KK, Yusuf S, Anand SS; for the SHARE and SHARE-AP investigators. Interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and subclinical atherosclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan; 87(1):168-74.

Fontaine-Bisson B, Wolever TMS, Chiasson JL, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Maheux P, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Rodger NW, Ryan EA, Connelly PW, Corey PN, El-Sohemy A. Genetic polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha modify the association between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and fasting HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep; 86(3):768-74.

Anand SS, Razak F, Davis AD, Jacobs R, Vuksan V, Teo K, Yusuf S. Social disadvantage and cardiovascular disease: development of an index and analysis of age, sex, and ethnicity effects. Int J Epidemiol. 2006 Oct;35(5):1239-45.

P. Mark Stavro; Minna Woo; Tibor F. Heim., John L. Sievenpiper; Lawrence A. Leiter, Vladimir Vuksan. Long-term Intake of North American Ginseng is Associated with a Neutral Effect on 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Renal Function. A Randomized, Controlled, Trial in Hypertensive Individuals, Hypertension, 2006, 47: 791-6.

Leeds AR. Glycemic index and heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):286S-9S. Review.

Liu S, Manson JE, Buring JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Ridker PM. Relation between a diet with a high glycemic load and plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Mar;75(3):492-8.

Dumesnil JG, Turgeon J, Tremblay A, Poirier P, Gilbert M, Gagnon L, St-Pierre S, Garneau C, Lemieux I, Pascot A, Bergeron J, Despres JP. Effect of a low-glycaemic index--low-fat--high protein diet on the atherogenic metabolic risk profile of abdominally obese men. Br J Nutr. 2001 Nov;86(5):557-68.

Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Holmes MD, Hu FB, Hankinson SE, Willett WC. Dietary glycemic load assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma triacylglycerols in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):560-6.

Ford ES, Liu S. Glycemic index and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration among us adults. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Feb 26;161(4):572-6.

Liu S, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Franz M, Sampson L, Hennekens CH, Manson JE. A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1455-61.

Frost G, Leeds AA, Dore CJ, Madeiros S, Brading S, Dornhorst A. Glycaemic index as a determinant of serum HDL-cholesterol concentration. Lancet. 1999 Mar 27;353(9158):1045-8.

Cancer

Michaud DS, Fuchs CS, Liu S, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Giovannucci E. Dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate, sugar, and colorectal cancer risk in men and women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Jan;14(1):138-47.

Franceschi S, Dal Maso L, Augustin L, Negri E, Parpinel M, Boyle P, Jenkins DJ, La Vecchia C. Dietary glycemic load and colorectal cancer risk. Ann Oncol. 2001 Feb;12(2):173-8.

Bruce WR, Wolever TM, Giacca A. Mechanisms linking diet and colorectal cancer: the possible role of insulin resistance. Nutr Cancer. 2000;37(1):19-26. Review.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Kaushik S, Wang JJ, Flood V, Tan JSL, Barclay AW, Wong TY, Brand-Miller J, Mitchell P. Dietary glycemic index and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:1104-10

Chiu CJ, Milton RC, Gensler G, Taylor A. Association between dietary glycemic index and age-related macular degeneration in nondiabetic participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. Am J Clin Nutr. July 2007; 86 (1): 180-88.

Chronic Conditions

Brand-Miller JC. Glycemic load and chronic disease. Nutr Rev. 2003 May;61(5 Pt 2):S49-55. Review.

Augustin LS, Franceschi S, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, La Vecchia C. Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;56(11):1049-71. Review.

Memory

Chui MH, Papanikolau Y, Fontaine-Bisson B, Turcotte J, Wolever TMS, El-Sohemy A, Chiasson JL, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Maheux P, Ryan E, Greenwood CE. The TNF-alpha-238G> a single-nucleotide polymorphism protects against memory decline in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Behav Neurosci. 2007 Jun; 121 (3): 619-24.

Kaplan RJ, Greenwood CE, Winocur G, Wolever TM. Dietary protein, carbohydrate, and fat enhance memory performance in the healthy elderly. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Nov;74(5):687-93.

Kaplan RJ, Greenwood CE, Winocur G, Wolever TM. Cognitive performance is associated with glucose regulation in healthy elderly persons and can be enhanced with glucose and dietary carbohydrates. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):825-36.

Balance Mood

Goetsch VL, Abel JL, Pope MK. The effects of stress, mood, and coping on blood glucose in NIDDM: a prospective pilot evaluation. Behav Res Ther. 1994 Jun;32(5):503-10.

Breath Hydrogen

Jenkins DJ, Vuksan V, Kendall CW, Wursch P, Jeffcoat R, Waring S, Mehling CC, Vidgen E, Augustin LS, Wong E. Physiological effects of resistant starches on fecal bulk, short chain fatty acids, blood lipids and glycemic index. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Dec;17(6):609-16.

Wolever TM, Vuksan V, Eshuis H, Spadafora P, Peterson RD, Chao ES, Storey ML, Jenkins DJ. Effect of method of administration of psyllium on glycemic response and carbohydrate digestibility. J Am Coll Nutr. 1991 Aug;10(4):364-71.

Dr. Thomas Wolever

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES

Fontaine-Bisson B, Wolever TM, Connelly PW, Corey PN, El-Sohemy A. NF-kappaB -49Ins/Del ATTG polymorphism modifies the association between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and HDL-cholesterol in two distinct populations. Atherosclerosis 2009;204:465-470.

Freeland KR, Anderson GH, Wolever TMS. Acute effects of dietary fibre and glycaemic carbohydrate on appetite and food intake in healthy males. Appetite. 2008 Aug 7. [Epub ahead of print].
View Article

Samra RA, Wolever TMS, Anderson GH. Enhanced foor intake regulatory responses after a glucose drink in hyperinsulinemic men. Intl. J Obes. 2007 Aug;31(8):1222-31. Epub 2007 Feb 27.
View Article

Grysman A, Carlson T, Wolever TMS. Effects of sucromalt on postprandial responses in human subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Aug 22 [Epub ahead of print]
View Article

Wolever TMS, IP B, Moghaddam E. Measuring glycaemic responses: duplicate fasting measures of one fasting sample? Br J Nutr. 2006 Nov; 96(5): 799-802.
View Article

Wolever, TMS, Yang M, Zeng XY, Atkins F, Brand-Miller J. Food glycemic index, as given in Glycemic Index tables, is a significant determinant of glycemic response elicited by composite breakfast meals. Am J of Clin Nutr. 2006 June; 83(6): 1306-1312.

Wolever TM. Effect of blood sampling schedule and method of calculating the area under the curve on validity and precision of glycaemic index values. Br J Nutr. 2004 Feb;91(2):295-301.

Wolf BW, Wolever TM, Lai CS, Bolognesi C, Radmard R, Maharry KS, Garleb KA, Hertzler SR, Firkins JL. Effects of a beverage containing an enzymatically induced-viscosity dietary fiber, with or without fructose, on the postprandial glycemic response to a high glycemic index food in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;57(9):1120-7.

Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, Bowling AC, Newman HC, Jenkins AL, Goff DV. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):264S-5S.

Wolever TM, Mehling C. High-carbohydrate-low-glycaemic index dietary advice improves glucose disposition index in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Br J Nutr. 2002 May;87(5):477-87.

Wolever TM, Hamad S, Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Rodger NW, Ross SA, Ryan EA. Day-to-day consistency in amount and source of carbohydrate associated with improved blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999 Jun;18(3):242-7.

Wolever TM, Chiasson JL, Csima A, Hunt JA, Palmason C, Ross SA, Ryan EA. Variation of postprandial plasma glucose, palatability, and symptoms associated with a standardized mixed test meal versus 75 g oral glucose. Diabetes Care. 1998 Mar;21(3):336-40.

Wolever TM, Bolognesi C. Prediction of glucose and insulin responses of normal subjects after consuming mixed meals varying in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and glycemic index. J Nutr. 1996 Nov;126(11):2807-12.

Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Vuksan V, Jenkins AL, Wong GS, Josse RG Beneficial effect of low-glycemic index diet in overweight NIDDM subjects. Diabetes Care. 1992 Apr;15(4):562-4.

Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Vuksan V, Josse RG, Wong GS, Jenkins AL. Glycemic index of foods in individual subjects. Diabetes Care. 1990 Feb;13(2):126-32.

Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Ocana AM, Rao VA, Collier GR. Second-meal effect: low-glycemic-index foods eaten at dinner improve subsequent breakfast glycemic response. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Oct;48(4):1041-7.

Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Collier GR, Ocana A, Rao AV, Buckley G, Lam Y, Mayer A, Thompson LU. Metabolic effects of a low-glycemic-index diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987 Dec;46(6):968-75.

SELECTED REVIEWS

Wolever TMS. The glycemic index in the management of obesity. Endocrinology Rounds 2008;8(2): 1-6.
View Article

Merchant AT, Anand SS, Vuksan V, Jacobs R, Davis B, Teo K, Yusuf S. Protein intake is inversely associated with abdominal obesity in a multi-ethnic population. J Nutr. 2005, 135: (5):1196-201.

Wolever TM. Carbohydrate and the regulation of blood glucose and metabolism. Nutr Rev. 2003 May;61(5 Pt 2):S40-8.

Wolever TM. Dietary carbohydrates and insulin action in humans. Br J Nutri. 2000 Mar;83 Suppl 1:S97-102. Review.

Wolever TM. The glycemic index: flogging a dead horse? Diabetes Care. 1997 Mar;20(3):452-6. Review.

Jenkins DJ, Josse RG, Jenkins AL, Wolever TM, Vuksan V. Implications of altering the rate of carbohydrate absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Clin Invest Med. 1995 Aug;18(4):296-302. Review.

Wolever TM. The glycemic index. World Rev Nutr Diet. 1990;62:120-85. Review.

Dr. Alexandra Jenkins

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES

Vuksan V, Sung M, Sievenpiper JL, Stavro PM, Jenkins AL, Di Buono M, Lee K, Leiter L, Nam KY, Arnason JT, Choi M, Naeem A. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases 2008; 18: 46-56.

Vuksan V, Panahi, S, Lyon M, Rogovik A, Jenkins AL, Leiter LA. Viscosity of Fiber Preloads Affects Food Intake in Adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2008 in Press.

Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VYY, Wong E, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Francis T, Jenkins AL, Leiter L, Josse RG, Xu Z. American ginseng improves glycemia in individuals with normal glucose tolerance: Effect of dose and time escalation. Am J Coll Nutr, 73: 753-8, 2000.

Wolever TMS, Katzman-Relle L, Jenkins AL, Vuksan V, Josse RG, Jenkins DJA. Glycemic index of 102 complex carbohydrate foods in patients with diabetes. Nutr Res 1994;14:651-69.

Wolever TMS, Jenkins DJA, Vuksan V, Jenkins AL, Wong GS, Josse RG. Beneficial effect of low-glycemic index diet in overweight NIDDM subjects. Diabetes Care 1992;15:562-564.

Wolever TMS, Jenkins DJA, Vuksan V, Jenkins AL, Buckley GC, Wong GS, Josse RG. Beneficial effect of low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetes. Diab Med 1992;9:451-8.

Wolever TMS, Jenkins DJA, Jenkins AL, Josse RG. The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:846-54.
Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Vuksan V, Brighenti F, Cunnane SC, Rao AV, Jenkins AL, Buckley G, Patten R, Singer W, Corey P, Josse RG. Nibbling versus gorging: metabolic advantages of increased meal frequency. N Eng J Med 1989;321:929-934.

Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJA, Ferrari F, Collier G, Rao AV, Samuels S, Jones JD, Wong GS, Josse RG. Effect of mustard seed fiber on carbohydrate tolerance. J Clin Nutr Gastroenterol 1987;2:81-86.

Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Jenkins AL, Giordano C, Giudici S, Thompson LU, Kalmusky J, Josse RG, Wong GS. Low glycemic response to traditionally processed wheat and rye products: bulgur and pumpernickel bread. Am J Clin Nutr 1986:43;516-20.

Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Collier GR, Rao AV, Samuels S, Stewart J. Lange WE. Comparison of gelatin and starch coated guar formulations on the postprandial blood glucose response. J Clin Nutr Gastroenterol 1986;1:279-83.

Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Jenkins AL, Josse RG, Wong GS. The glycaemic response to carbohydrate foods. Lancet 1984;2(8399):388-91.

Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Jenkins AL, Thorne MJ, Lee R, Kalmusky J, Reichert R, Wong OS. The glycaemic index of foods tested in diabetic patients: A new basis for carbohydrate exchange favouring the use of legumes. Diabetologia 1983;24:257-264.

SELECTED REVIEWS AND CHAPTERS:

Jenkins AL. The Glycemic Index: Looking Back 25 Years. Cereal Foods World. 52 (2), 51-52, 2007.

Jenkins DJA, Kendall CW, Marchie A, Jenkins AL, Augustine LSA, Ludwig DS, Barnard ND, Anderson JW. Type 2 diabetes and the vegetarian diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 78(3 Suppl):610S-616S, 2003

Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Augustin LS, Franceschi S, Hamidi M, Marchie A, Jenkins AL, Axelsen M. Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 76: 266S-73S, 2002.

Jenkins AL. Diet and Hypertension: Is there a new dietary prescription? Can J Diab 26: 347, 2002

Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJA, Vuksan V. Effect of dietary fiber on plasma lipoproteins. In: Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition (Ed: Spiller GA). CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, FL, pp 401-422, 2001.

Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Xu Z, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Jenkins AL, Arnason JT, Bateman RM, Leiter LA, Josse RG, Francis T, Stavro MP. Ginseng and Diabetes: A new way to use an old medicine. Can J Diab Care 25; suppl 2, 111-120, 2001.

Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJA. Food and the gut. MEDICINE North America (Gastroenterol), September 1994;508-16.

Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Jenkins AL. Starchy foods and the glycemic index. Diabetes Care 1988;11:149-59.

Jenkins DJA, Rainey-Macdonald GA, Jenkins AL. Dietary fibre and the elderly. In: WHO Publication: Nutrition in the Elderly. Ed. Horwitz A. World Health Organization. 1988.

Jenkins DJA, Jenkins AL. The glycemic index, fiber, and the dietary treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 1987;6:11-17.

Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Jenkins AL, Thompson LU, Rao V, Francis T. The glycemic index: blood glucose response to foods. In: Dietary Fibre, Basic and Clinical Aspects. Eds. Vahouny G, Kritchevsky D. Plenum Press, New York, 1986, pp. 167-179.

Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJA. The glycemic index. Diabetes Care and Education News 1984;7:1-2.

Dr. Vladimir Vuksan

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES

Vuksan V, Jenkins A.L., Dias A. G., Lee A, Jovanovski E., Rogovik A.L., Hanna A., Reduction in Postprandial Glucose Excursion and Prolongation of Satiety: Possible Explanation of the Long-term Effects of Whole Grain Salba (Salvia Hispanica L.) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2008;22:305.

Sievenpiper JL, Ezatagha A, Dascalu A, Vuksan V. When a placebo is not a 'placebo': a placebo effect on postprandial glycaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Oct; 64 (4):546-9.
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Razak F, Anand SS, Shannon H, Vuksan V, Davis B, Jacobs R, Teo KK, McQueen M, Yusuf S. Defining obesity cut points in a multiethnic population. Circulation. 2007 Apr 24;115(16):2111-8.
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Dascalu A, Sivenpiper JL, Jenkins AL, Stavro MP, Arnason JT, Vuksan V. Five Batches of Ontario Grown American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) Root Produce Comparable Reductions of Postprandial Glycemia in Healthy Individuals. Can Journal Physio Pharm, 2007 Sep;85(9):856-64.
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Sievenpiper JL, Sung MK, Di Buono M, Seung-Lee K, Nam KY, Arnason JT, Leiter LA, Vuksan V. Korean red ginseng rootlets decrease acute postprandial glycemia: results from sequential preparation- and dose-finding studies. J Am Coll Nutr. 2006, Apr; 25(2): 100-7.
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Merchant AT, Anand SS, Vuksan V, Jacobs R, Davis B, Teo K, Yusuf S. Protein intake is inversely associated with abdominal obesity in a multi-ethnic population. J Nutr. 2005, 135: (5):1196-201.
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Razak F, Anand S, Vuksan V, Davis B, Jacobs R, Teo KK, Yusuf S. Ethnic differences in the relationship between obesity and glucose metabolic abnormalities: a cross-sectional population-based study. Int J Obes Metab Disor. 2005 Mar 22.
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Sievenpiper JL, Arnason JT, Vidgen E, Leiter LA, Vuksan V. A Systematic Quantitative Analysis of the Literature of the High Variability in Ginseng (Panax spp.): Should Ginseng be Trusted in Diabetes? Diabetes Care, Number 3, March 2004.
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Kelemen LE, Anand SS, Hegele RA, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Willett WC, Montague PA, Lonn E, Vuksan V, Yi Q, Teo KK, Devanesen S, Yusuf S. Association of plasma homocysteine and the methylenetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism with carotid intima media thickness among South Asian, Chinese and European Canadians. Atherosclerosis, 2004;176:361-370.
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Anand S, Rezak F, Yi Q, Davis B, Jacobs R, Vuksan V, Lonn E, Teo K, McQueen M, Yusuf S. C-recative protein as a screening test for cardiovascular risk in a multiethnic population. Artetioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2004;24:1509-1515.
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Sievenpiper JL, Vuksan V. Glycemic Index in the Treatment of Diabetes: The Debate Continues. J Am Coll. Nutr, 2004, 23:1-4.
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Anand S, Yi Q, Gerstein H, Lonn E, Jacobs R, Vuksan V, Teo K, Davis B, Monatgue P, Yusuf S. Relationship of the Metabolic Syndrome and Fibrinolytic Dysfunction to Cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2003 29;108(4):420-5.
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Jenkins DJ, Kendal CW, Marchie A, Jenkins AL, Connelly PW, Jones PJ and Vuksan V. The Garden of Eden-plant based diets, the genetic drive to conserve cholesterol and its implications for heart disease in the 21stcentury. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2003;136(1):141-51.
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Sievenpiper JL, Arnason JT, Leiter LA, Vuksan V. Variable effects of American ginseng: A batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Feb; 57(2):243-8.
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Anand SS, Razak F, Vuksan V, Gerstein HC, Malmberg K, Yi Q, Teo KK, Yusuf S. Diagnostic strategies to detect glucose intolerance in a multiethnic population. Diabetes Care. 2003 Feb;26(2):290-6.
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Gerstein HC, Anand S, Yi QL, Vuksan V, Lonn E, Teo K, Malmberg K, McQueen M, Yusuf S. The relationship between dysglycemia and atherosclerosis in South Asian, Chinese, and European individuals in Canada: a randomly sampled cross-sectional study. Diabetes Care. 2003 Jan;26(1):144-9.
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Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJ, Zdravkovic U, Wursch P, Vuksan V. Depression of the glycemic index by high levels of beta-glucan fiber in two functional foods tested in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;56(7):622-8.
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Sievenpiper JL, Jenkins DJA, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Vuksan V. Simple skinfold measurements complement conventional anthropometric assessments in predicting glucose tolerance. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:567-574.
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Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Popovich DG, Vidgen E, Mehling CC, Vuksan V, Ransom TP, Rao AV, Rosenberg-Zand R, Tariq N, Corey P, Jones PJ, Raeini M, Story JA, Furumoto EJ, Illingworth DR, Pappu AS, Connelly PW. Effect of a very-high-fiber vegetable, fruit, and nut diet on serum lipids and colonic function. Metabolism. 2001;50:494-503.
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Vuksan V, Stavro MP, Sievenpiper JL, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Leiter LA, Josse RG, Xu Z. Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2000 Sep;23(9):1221-1226.
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Vuksan V, Seivenpiper JL, Wong J, Xu Z, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Arnason JT, Assinewe V, Stavro MP, Jenkins AL, Leiter LA, Josse RG, Francis T. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) attenuates postprandial glycemic in a time but not dose dependent manner in healthy individuals. AM J Clin Nutr, 2001 Apr;73(4):753-758.
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Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Xu Z, Jenkins AL, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Leiter LA, Josse RG, Stavro, MP. Konjac-mannan and American ginseng: Emerging alternative therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr, 2001 Oct;20(5 Suppl):370s-380s.
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Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL. The variable effects of whole-leaf digitalis is a paradigm of the glycemic effects of ginseng. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Nov 27;160(21):3330-1.
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Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Owen R, Swilley JA, Spadafora P, Jenkins DJ, Vidgen E, Brighenti F, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Xu Z, Novokmet R. Beneficial effects of viscous dietary fiber from Konjac-mannan in subjects with the insulin resistance syndrome: results of a controlled metabolic trial. Diabetes Care. 2000 Jan; 23(1):9-14.
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Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, Francis T, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Xu Z, Vidgen E. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Apr 10;160(7):1009-13.
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Sievenpiper JL, Jenkins DJA, Josse RG, Vuksan V. Body composition does not affect the intra-subject coefficient-of-variation of 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) outcome but might influence the reproducibility of diagnosis. CJDC 2000;24:2-39-46.

Jenkins DJA, Kendall CWC, Vidgen E, Vuksan V, Jackson CJ, Augustin LSA, Lee B, Garsetti M, Agarwal S, Rao AV, Cagampang GB, Fulgoni V III. Effect of soy based breakfast cereal on blood lipids and oxidized LDL. Metabolism 2000 Nov;49(11):1496-5000.
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Sievenpiper JL, Jenkins DJ, Josse RG, Vuksan V. Dilution of the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test increases postprandial glycemia: implications for diagnostic criteria.CMAJ. 2000 Apr 4;162(7):993-6.
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Janice Campbell

Wolever TMS, Jenkins AL, Vuksan V, Campbell J. The glycaemic index values of foods containing fructose are affected by metabolic differences between subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009;63:1106-14.

Wolever TM, Campbell JE, Geleva D, Anderson GH. High-fiber cereal reduces postprandial insulin responses in hyperinsulinemic but not normoinsulinemic subjects. Diabetes Care. 2004 June;27(6):1281-5.

Campbell JE, Glowczewski T, Wolever TMS. Controlling subjects' prior diet and activities does not reduce within-subject variation of postprandial glycemic responses to foods. Nutr Res 2003;23:621-29.

Atarah Grysman

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES

Grysman A, Wolever TMS, Carlson T. Effects of sucromalt on postprandial responses in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62:1364-71.

Adish Ezatagha, MSc

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES

Sievenpiper JL, Ezatagha A, Dascalu A, Vuksan V. When a placebo is not a 'placebo': a placebo effect on postprandial glycaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Oct; 64 (4):546-9.
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GI Labs

Resources

Publications

GI Determination

Satiety

Glucose and Insulin Responses

Body Weight

Appetite Control

Diabetes

Long Term Studies

Cardiovascular Disease

Cancer

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Chronic Conditions

Memory

Balance Mood

Breath Hydrogen

Dr. Thomas Wolever

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES

SELECTED REVIEWS

Dr. Alexandra Jenkins

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES

SELECTED REVIEWS AND CHAPTERS:

Dr. Vladimir Vuksan

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES

Janice Campbell

Atarah Grysman

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES

Adish Ezatagha, MSc

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES